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1) Valence issues are risky instruments for presidents to increase their public approval.
- aTrue
- bFalse
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2) Scholars find evidence for rally effects
- aoften.
- bseldom.
- cnever.
- donly in defensive wars.
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3) No president has maintained steady approval ratings for two terms.
- aTrue
- bFalse
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4) Mail to the president
- ais answered by top-level aids.
- bis randomly sampled by the postmaster general.
- cis unrepresentative of broad public opinion.
- dmostly remains unanswered.
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5) Rally events raise public approval of the president mainly because
- apresidents have the opportunity to look presidential.
- bthe president symbolizes the nation as a whole.
- cpeople don’t want to hurt success by opposing the president.
- dall of the above
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6) When Nixon’s profanity was revealed in Watergate tapes, it conformed to voter opinions that politicians are unseemly.
- aTrue
- bFalse
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7) Public reactions surprised the White House for all of the following EXCEPT
- aNixon’s decision to bomb Cambodia.
- bReagan’s tax cuts.
- cClinton’s proposal to lift the ban on homosexuals in the military.
- dTrump’s firing of James Comey.
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8) Presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama used polls most frequently to
- aevaluate whether to pursue their campaign promises.
- bdetermine policy priorities.
- crecruit potential volunteers.
- ddetermine how to frame policies for maximum popularity.
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9) Which of the following is most likely to reduce a president’s approval?
- aA wide gap between expectations and performance
- bA natural disaster
- cInitiating a war
- dEntering office with an economy already in recession
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10) Presidents deny they use polls to help make decisions.
- aTrue
- bFalse